Automatic ventilating apparatus.



. PATENTED APR. 17, 1906.

P. 0. OHADBORN. AUTOMATIC VENTILATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.27.1902.

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PATENTED APR. 17, 1906.

F. O. GHADBORN. AUTOMATIC VENTILATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.27.1902.

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Will! 1 Illlll'llllllllllll PATENT OFFICE.

UNITED STATES FREDERIG o. CHADBORN, or NEWBURGH, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR OF SEVENTY ONE-HUNDREDTHS TO MARK J. KEOGH. MICHAEL H. KEOGH, DANIEL s. GER-0W, AND ROBERT H. BARNETT, OF NEW- BURGH, NEW YORK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented. April 17, 1906.

Application filed March 27, 1002. Serial No. 100,100.

provement in Automatic Ventilating Apparatus, 'of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to-improvements in ventilating apparatus for railway and trolleycars and similar vehicles actuated automatically both by the heating system of the car and a fluid-pressure system such as is usuall employed in connection with the brakes.

'11 Letters Patent granted to me December 24, 1895, No. 551,889, I have shown and described a system of ventilation for greenhouses, &c., in which the thermostat, the valve actuated thereby, and the pipes immediately connected thereto for fluid are substantially identical with those in the present case; and the object of my invention is to simultaneously actuate the two lines of ventilating-sashes along the sides of a railway-car according to the temperature and closing the same when the temperature goes down, in proportion to the decrease of the temperature, and to open the same in proportion to the increase 0 the temperature, and at the same time be able by sim ly opening a cock by hand to simultaneously and instantaneously close all of the sashes prior to the car entering a tunnel, so as to prevent the entrance of smoke and bad air into the car.

In carrying out In invention I suspend the sashes of each si e series upon common shafts, and these shafts at one end are-connected by arms and links to one end of companion beams suitablypivoted and whose other ends connect with common shafts acted upon by the pistons of fluid-pressure cylinders at either side thereof to simultaneously actuate said shafts. The shafts are provided with series ofcranks and latcharms a eeing in number with and extending to latci esupon the sashes. The fluid-pressure cylinders are connected by pipes with other fluid-pressure cylinders em loyed for admitting steam to or shutting o the same from a radiator of the car. The istons of these latter cylinders, as well as t e istons -'of the fluid-pressure cylinders operating-the along the opposite sides.

sashes, are controlled by the thermostatic device acting upon the fluid-pressure valve forming a part thereof. The fluid-pressure isconstant in one series of pipes and on the smaller pistons of thefluid-pressure cylinders, while the same is variable in the other set of pipes connectin with the fluid-pressure cylinders having t e larger pistons, and in this latter series of pipes is placed the hand-operated cock acting as an escape of the fluid-pressure to one fluid-pressure cylinder of those operating the aforesaid beams.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic elevation of the devices constituting my invention and a vertical section through the roof of a car. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the fluid-pressure cylinders controlling the heat supplied to the radiators of the car. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the sash structure at one end of the car. Fig. 4 is an elevation of one corner of one sash. Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional elevation of the parts in Fig. 4 and at right angles thereto, and Fig. 6

a plan of the parts shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a plan showing the pivot of one beam and the junction of the two beams. Fig. 8 is a vertical section through the fluid pressure cylinders actuating the two beams and at the junction of said beams, and Fig. 9 represents two views of the hand-cock in the variablepressure pipe system.

a a represent the roof portions of a railway passenger coach or car, and b b! the sashframes along'the inner sides of the car, and c 0 represent sashes upon opposite sides of the car. These sashes are arranged in serie They are all made I provide shafts2 3 for the sashes c 0. These shafts are in suitable bearings upon the outer faces'of the frames b b, and I provide angle plates 1 on the backs of the sashes, having open jaws' fitting over the shafts and by which the sashes are freely hung upon the shafts.

To the shafts 2 3 are connected crank-arms 13. 14, extending in one direction, and crankarms 5 6, extending in the upward, direction.

alike.

From the crank-arms 13 14 extend links 7 8,

' ings 9 10, upon which they are adapted to swmg.

The crank-arms 5 6 are in series and agree in number with the number of the sashes, and from each crank-arm 5 6 there extends a latch-arm 1' or 1", the same being on op osite sides of the car, and on each sash I p ace a latch 15, bearing upon a latch-plate 16, having a notched edge. The latch-arms 1' r extend from the crank-arms 5 6, through apertures in the upper member of the sash-frames, to engagement with the latches 15. In Figs. 4, 5, and 6 I have shown this position of en gagement. Each latch is provided with a pivotal connection to a plate secured to the face of the sash-frame, the same being a part of the notched-edge plate 16, and a boss is provided on this plate let into the sash-frame, and in these the latches are pivoted and swing.

By reference to Figs. 4, 5, and 6 it will be apparent that if the latch 15 is moved downward into engagement with the lower notch of the late 16 the same will be disengaged from the jaw end of the latch-arm r, and in this position any sash may be left closed in its frame, or by the movement of the latch 15 as described any sash may be closed inde pendent of the other sashes. Any latch-arm r 1" may be raised from a latch 15 by a handrod to push any sash closed, if desired.

I provide a piston-rod e, having a yoke e, and the adjacent ends of the beams d d are slotted and ass through this yoke e and are connected t ereto by a pin 11, (see Figs. 7 and 8,) and at either side of the meeting ends of these beams and arranged vertically I place fluid-pressure cylinders f f having pistons 12 at the respective ends of the pistonrod e. The pipes g it open into the fluid-pressure cylinders f f and extend therefrom, the pipe 9 formin a part of the constant-pressure system and t e pipiqerh part of the variablepressure system. om this-pipe g extend ranch or auxiliary pipes g g and from the pipe h an auxiliary pipe h.

1 represents the valve-casing of a steam-radiator having an opening 17 from the supply' of steam and an openin 18 to the radiator and Within the same a p un er Z to close off the supply. Thestem of the valve-plunger passes vertically through the valve-case to a yoke 19, and I provide in connection therewith fluid-pressure cylinders '11 is, mounted upon a suitable frame supported from said valve-casing Z and having therein pistons 'i, k of varying sizes. The auxiliary pipe 9' from the constant-pressure system connects with and opens into the fluid-pressure cylinder k, in which the piston k is of smaller area than the piston i in the fluid-pressure cylinder'i and to which the auxiliary pipe k of the 6 5 variableepressure system is connected.

7 represents a thermostat or thermostatic device, and 20 the valve of the same. This structure agrees exactly with and o crates the same as the device set forth in my etters Patent hereinbefore mentioned. From this ;valve 20 extends a waste-pi e 22. An auxiliary pipe 9 extends from t e pi e g to this valve 20, and one end of the pipe is also connected to this valve 20, and 1t 'will be noticed by reference to the aforesaid patent that the pipes g h, and 22 occupy the same relation to the valve 20 as pipes therein shown and described.

0 represents a receiver and filter interposed in the line of piping between the pipe 21 and the constant-pressure supply system of pipes. This pipe 21 extends to the supply of fluidpressure, preferably the fluid-pressure s stem and reservoir beneath the car, there eing a valve adjacent to the receiver 0 that may be opened periodically to admit fluid under pressure or may be left open to keep the pressure in the pipes the same as that in the reservoir.

m represents a three-way or hand-operated cock. (Shown in large size in Fig. 9.) In this view, Fig. 9, the upper view shows a passage clear through the valve-pressure system of pipes h h, and the lower figure shows the supply to the fluid-pressure reservoir 0 closed off and an opening established to the air from the fluid-pressure cylinder f for the escape of any fluid at a greater than atmospheric pressure.

In the operation of the structures illustrated and supposing the temperature of the car to be too high the thermostatic device n will operate the valve 20 to allow fluid-pressure from the pipe g through the valve 20 to the pipes h and h. Pressure in the pipe h acts upon the'piston in the fluid-pressure cylinder 'b to force the valve 1 down to its seat and close off the supply of steam to the radiator. At the same time the fluid-pressure throu h the pipe it enters the fluid-pressure cylin er f, forcing the iston 12 upward and swinging the beams d d into the position shown in Fig. 1 and the parts operated thereby into the position also shown in said figure, thus opening the sashes c c of the side series for the purpose of lowe the temperature.

If the temperature in t e caris not high v enough, or, in other words, if the car is too cool, the thermostatic device 12. operates the valve 20, o ening communication between the pipes h and the wastepipe 22, so that the ressure therein greater than atmospheric pressure escapes, consequently permitting the pressure in the constant-pressure system of pipes g gato act, the pressure in the pipe 9 acting upon the piston in the fluidpressure cylinder 70, rais' the same and the plunger 1' of the valve to the same from its seat and permit the entrance of steam to the radiators to warm up the car. At the same time the fluid-pressure in the pipe g acts in the fluid-pressure cylinder f upon the piston 12 to force the same, with the yoke 0, downward and swing thebeams d (1 into the opposite position from' that shown in Fig. 1 and therewith actuate the sashes c c and close the same. v

It will be apparent that not only the ex- .treme of these positions is possible, but by slight movements and changes of the parts intermediate positions are possible, so that the sashes may be fully opened or closed or partially so.

To provide for the entrance of the car with these lmprovements into a tunnel, where it is advantageous to close all the ventilators and prevent the entrance of smoke and ases from the en ine, the hand-actuated 000 m in the pipe h is provided, as hereinbefore described,

ecause with this device the porter of the car.

may turn the same from the uppermost position, Fig. 9, to the lowermost position, moving the parts to close the pressure in the system of pipes h h and establish communication with the atmosphere and the fluid-pressure cylinder f thus relieving all excess of pressure over and above atmospheric pressure and permitting the constant pressure in the constanbpressure systemv through the pipe to act upon the piston-12 and move the beams simultaneously and instantaneouslyfrom the position, Fig. 1, to the reverse position and close all of the sashes. The apparatus is left in this position while the car is passm matic nctions are reestablished after the car passes out of the tunnel by the orter or attendant simply turning the 000 m to reestablish the fluid-pressure throughout the pipe h and against the piston in the fluid-pressure cylinder f.

While I have herein shown and described the devices of my invention as particularly the heating a paratus of a car, means also ac-' tuated there y for simultaneously opening and closing the sashes, and a device interposed between the respective means and by the actuation of which'all of the sashes of the series may be caused to simultaneously and' instantaneously close, substantially as set through the tunnel, and the auto-' means for controlling the same by the tem-- .perature of the car and corresponding devices located at one end of the car, and on opposite sides of the fluid-pressure cylinders and pistons and actuated thereby and in turn connected res ectively to the sashes of the series, where y all of the sashes are simultaneously and instantaneously actuated, substantially as set forth. I

3. In an automatic ventilating apparatus, the combination with the series of sashes the respective sides of the car, of fluid-pres"- sure cylinders and pistons therein moving in. the same direction, means for controlling the same by the temperature of the car, corresponding devices located at one end of the car, actuated 'by the fluid-pressure cylinders and pistons and connected respectively to the sashes of the series, whereby all of the sashes are simultaneously and instantaneously actu ated, and means associated with one of said fluid-pressure cylinders for relieving the presthe sides of the car, of shafts and devices connected to the sashes .for loosely pivoting the same to said shafts, fluid-pressure cylinders having pistons connected and moving the same direction, and pipes for supplying pressure to the opposite sides of sai pistons, a pair of oppositely-placed beams in one end of the car and connections from adjacent ends thereof to the piston-rod ofsaid pistons, whereby said beams are simultaneously actuated, and devices connected respectively to said shafts, sashesand the opposite ends of said beams, whereb with the movement of the beams the sas es may be opened or closed, substantially as set forth.

5. In an automatic ventilating apparatus, the combination with the sashes in series at the sides of the car, of shafts and devices connected to. the sashes for loosely pivoting the same to said shafts, fluid-pressure cylinders having pistons connected and moving in.the same direction'and pipes for supplying pressure to the opposite sides of sai pistons, a pair of oppositely-placed beams in one end of the car and connections from adjacent ends thereof. to the piston-rod of said pistons, whereby said beams are simultaneously actuated, and devices connected rigidly to corresponding ends of the shafts and to the distant or free ends of said beams and other devices agreeing in number with the number of the sashes and connected respectively to the said the same to said shafts fluid-pressure tion free from said latch-arms, as and for the purposes set forth.

shafts and sashes whereby the sashes may all be opened or shut by the movement of the beams or any one or more of said sashes may be closed by hand, substantially as set forth. 6. In an automatic ventilating apparatus, the combination with the sashes in series at the sides of the car, of shafts and devices connected to the sashes for loosely pivoting the same to said shafts, fluid-pressure cylinders connected pistons therein moving in the same direction and automatic means for controlling the fluid under pressure to the said pressure cylinders, a pair of oppositely-placed beams in one end of the car and connections from adjacent ends thereof to the piston-rod of said pistons, whereby said beams are simultaneously actuated, and crank-arms 13, 14 secured to said shafts at one end and links 7 8- extending from said crank-arms to the distant free ends of said beams, and series of crank-arms 5 6 also secured to said shafts and agreeing in number with the number of the sashes, and latch-arms r 1 pivoted to the crank-arms 5 Hand adapted to pass through the upper portions of said sashes, and means secured to the sashes and in one position engaged by the latch-arms and in another posisubstantially 7. In an automatic ventilating apparatus, the combination with the sashes in series at the sides of the car, of shafts and devices connected to the sashes for loosely pivoting c nders connected pistons therein movin' the same direction and automatic means or controlling the fluid under pressure to the said pressure-cylinders, a pair of oppositelyplaced beams in one end of the car, and connections from adjacent ends thereof to the piston-rod of said pistons, whereby said beams are simultaneously actuated, and crank-arms 13, 14 secured to said shafts at one end and links 7 8 extending from said crank-arms to the distant free ends of said beams, and series of crank-arms 5 6 also secured to said shafts and agreeing in number with the number of the sashes, and latch-arms 1 r pivoted to the crank-arms 5 6 and adapted to pass through the upper portions of said sashes, latches 15 pivoted to said sashes and notched latch-plates 16 engaged thereby, whereby in one position of the latches 15 the same are engaged by the latch-arms r r and in the other position are free of said latch-arms, so that the sashes can be moved by hand, substantially as set forth.

8. In an automatic ventilating apparatus, the combination with the series'of side sashes of the car, of fluid-pressure cylinders, oppositely-placed connected pistons therein, fluidpressure pipes opening into the said cylin ders, beams 11 d connected to the piston-rod of said pistons at adjacent ends, devices connecting the beams with the sashes, whereby the sashes may be opened or closed or held at intermediate points, a thermostatic device for controlling the fluid-pressure in the pipes and acting against the respective pistons, and a hand-operated cock in the pipe leading to one of said fluid-pressure cylinders, whereby the pressure therein may be released to permit the pressure against the other piston to operate so as to effect the movements of the mechanismaand simultaneously and instantaneously to close all of the sashes, substantially as set forth.

Signed by me this 24th day of March, 1902.

FRED. C. OHADBORN.

Witnesses:

GEO. T. PINoKNEY, S. T. HAVILAND. 

